浪漫主義是文學發展重要的里程碑,而英國是最早出現浪漫主義文學的國家之一。英國的浪漫主義文學代表了19世紀歐洲浪漫主義文學的最高成就,1789年的法國大革命(French Revolution),給人類的未來帶來了希望,並對英國社會造成衝擊。在這個背景下,英國的浪漫主義文學崛起,它產生於18世紀末,19世紀上半葉為繁榮時期。浪漫主義思潮中形成兩種對立的流派,即積極浪漫主義(Active Romanticism)和消極浪漫主義(Passive Romanticism)。積極浪漫主義是進步的潮流,敢於正視現實,批判社會的黑暗,它引導人們向前看;消極浪漫主義屬反動的逆流,採取消極逃避的態度,反對現狀,留戀過去,它引導人們往後看。
之前我們介紹過Gale 所建置的NCCO (Nineteenth Century Collection Online,十九世紀典藏資料庫)資料庫當中的Series 4: Corvey Collection of European Literature, 1790–1840 (科維歐洲文學藏品)就收錄了珍貴的浪漫文學大師作品。文學史上代表五個男性詩人華茲華斯Wordsworth,、柯勒律治Coleridge、拜倫Byron、雪萊P.B. Shelley和濟慈Keats的珍貴作品就被囊括其中,讓我們列舉他們的經典作品,一起看看這些文學創作的歷史痕跡。例如:威廉•華茲華斯(William Wordsworth,1770年4月7日-1850年4月23日),英國浪漫主義詩人,與雪萊、拜倫齊名,曾當上桂冠詩人,湖畔詩人之一,資料內有收錄了他的《Peter Bell》作品。或者是喬治•戈登•拜倫(George Gordon Byron,1788年1月22日-1824年4月19日),是英國詩人、革命家,獨領風騷的浪漫主義文學泰斗。1812年,拜倫發表了長詩《Childe Harold's pilgrimage恰爾德•哈羅爾德遊記》也收錄其中,在第一、二章中的詩歌撰寫更是立刻轟動文壇,給他帶來了巨大的聲譽。
若想要更進一步地探索和賞析珍貴的文學資料,Corvey Collection of European Literature, 1790–1840 (科維歐洲文學藏品),收錄了9,500多種的英文、法文和德文的全文作品,絕對是20世紀70年代晚期最為宏偉的典藏之一。除了前述現存的所有浪漫主義時代作品中最重要作品,包括小說、短篇散文、戲劇作品、詩歌及其他作品,更有歷史上珍貴收藏不易被上被忽視的作家的著作,這些珍稀作品對學者和研究人員具有重要的意義。最後,讓我們一起欣賞濟慈的《夜鶯頌》,享受一下浪漫詩的文字之美。
Ode to a Nightingale John Keats 夜鶯頌 濟慈
My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains 我的心在痛,困頓和麻木
My sense, as though of hemlock I had drunk, 刺進了感官有如飲過毒鴆
Or emptied some dull opiate to the drains 又像是剛把鴉片吞服
One minute past, and Lethe-wards had sunk: 於是向列斯忘川下沉
'Tis not through envy of thy happy lot, 並不是我忌妒你的好運
But being too happy in thine happiness -- 而是你的快樂使我太歡欣--
That thou, light winged Dryad of the trees, 因為在林間嘹亮的天地裡
In some melodious plot 你呵,輕翅的仙靈
Of beechen green, and shadows numberless, 你躲進山毛櫸的蔥綠和蔭影
Singest of summer in full-throated ease. 放開了歌喉,歌唱著夏季
O, for a draught of vintage! that hath been 唉,要是有一口酒,那冷藏
Cooled a long age in the deep-delved earth, 在地下多年的清醇飲料
Tasting of Flora and the country green, 一嘗就令人想起綠色之邦
Dance, and Provencal song, and sunburnt mirth! 想起花神,戀歌,陽光和舞蹈
O for a beaker full of the warm South, 要是有一杯南國的溫暖
Full of the true, the blushful Hippocrene, 充滿了鮮紅的靈感之泉
With beaded bubbles winking at the brim, 杯緣明滅著珍珠的泡沫
And purple-stained mouth, 給嘴唇染上紫斑
That I may drink, and leave the world unseen, 我要一飲而盡而悄然離開塵寰
And with thee fade away into the forest dim. 和你同去幽暗的林中隱沒
Fade far away, dissolve, and quite forget 遠遠地,遠遠隱沒,讓我忘掉
What thou amongst the leaves hast never known, 你在樹葉間從不知道的一切
The weariness, the fever, and the fret 忘記這疲勞,熱病,和焦躁
Here, where men sit and hear each other groan; 這使人對坐而悲嘆的世界
Where palsy shakes a few, sad, last grey hairs. 在這裡,青春,蒼白,削瘦,死亡
Where youth grows pale, and spectre-thin, and dies; 而癱瘓有幾根白髮在搖擺
Where nut to think is to be full of sorrow 在這裡,稍一思索就充滿了
And leaden-eyed despairs; 憂傷和灰暗的絕望
Where Beauty cannot keep her lustrous eyes, 而美保持不住明眸的光彩
Or new Love pine at them beyond to-morrow. 新生的愛情活不到明天就枯凋
Away! away! for I will fly to thee, 去吧!去吧!我要朝你飛去
Not charioted by Bacchus and his pards, 不用和酒神坐文豹的車駕
But on the viewless wings of Poesy, 我要展開詩歌底無形的羽翼
Though the dull brain perplexes and retards. 儘管這頭腦已經困頓,疲乏
Already with thee! tender is the night, 去了,我已經和你同往
And haply the Queen-Moon is on her throne, 夜這般溫柔,月後正登上寶座
Clustered around by all her starry Fays; 周圍是侍衛她的一群星星
But here there is no light, 但這兒不甚明亮
Save what from heaven is with the breezes blown 除了有一線天光,被微風帶過
Through verduous glooms and winding mossy ways. 蔥綠的幽暗和蘚苔的曲徑
I cannot se what flowers are at my feet, 我看不出是哪種花在腳旁
Nor what soft incense hangs upon the boughs, 什麼清香的花掛在樹枝上
But, in embalmed darkness, guess each sweet 在溫馨的幽暗理,我只能猜想
Wherewith the seasonable month endows 這時令該把哪種芬芳
The grass, the thicket, and the fruit-tree wild -- 賦予這果樹,林莽和草叢
White hawthorn, and the pastoral eglantine; 這白枳花,和田野的玫瑰
Fast fading violets covered up in leaves; 這綠葉堆中易凋謝的紫羅蘭
And mid-May's eldest child, 還有五月中旬的嬌寵
The coming musk-rose, full of dewy wine, 這綴滿了露酒的麝香薔薇
The murmurous haunt of flies on summer eves. 牠成了夏夜蚊蚋嗡營的港灣
Darkling I listen; and for many a time 我在黑暗中裡傾聽,多少次
I have been half in love with easeful Death, 我幾乎愛上了靜謐的死亡
Called him soft names in many a mused rhyme, 我在詩思裡用盡了我言辭
To take into the air my quiet breath; 求他把我的一息散入空茫
Now more than ever seems it rich to die, 而現在,死更是多麼的富麗
To cease upon the midnight with no pain, 在午夜裡溘然魂離人間
While thou art pouring forth thy soul abroad 當你正傾瀉你的心懷
In such an ecstasy! 發出這般的狂喜
Still wouldst thou sing, and I have ears in vain -- 你仍將歌唱,但我卻不再聽見
To thy high requiem become a sod. 你的莽歌只能唱給泥草一塊
Thou wast not born for death, immortal Bird! 永生的鳥,你不會死去
No hungry generations tread thee down; 餓的世代無法將你蹂躪
The voice I hear this passing night eas heard 今夜,我偶然聽到的歌曲
In ancient days by emperor and clown: 當使古代的帝王和村夫喜悅
Perhaps the self-same song that found a path 或許這同樣的歌也曾激蕩
Through the sad heart of Ruth, when, sick for home, 露絲憂鬱的心,使她不禁落淚
She stood in tears amid the alien corn; 站在異邦的穀田裡想著家
The same that oft-times hath 就是這聲音常常
Charmed magic casements, opening on the foam 在失掉了的仙域裡引動窗扉
Of perilous seas, in faery lands forlorn. 一個美女望著大海險惡的浪花
Forlorn! the very word is like a bell 失掉了,這句話好比一聲鐘
To toll me back from thee to my sole self! 使我猛省到我站腳的地方
Adieu! the fancy cannot cheat so well 別了!幻想,這騙人的妖童
As she is famed to do, deceiving elf. 不能老耍弄它盛傳的伎倆
Adieu! adieu! thy plaintive anthem fades 別了!別了!你怨訴的歌聲
Past the near meadows, over the still stream, 流過草坪,越過幽靜的溪水
Up the hill-side; and now 'tis buried deep 溜上山坡,而此時它正深深
In the next valley-glades: 埋在附近的溪穀中
Was is a vision, or a waking dream? 這是個幻覺,還是夢寐
Fled is that music -- Do I wake or sleep? 那歌聲去了-我是睡?是醒?
資料庫:Gale – NCCO (Nineteenth Century Collection Online)
- 出版社:CENGAGE LEARNING GALE
- 內容屬性:Primary Source
- 適用對象:高等教育研究人員及學生
- 試用申請:products@flysheet.com.tw
網路資源:
- Romanticism on the Net
- The Romantic Chronology
- Romantic circles
- Corvey Women Writers on the Web(CW3)
- 十九世纪浪漫主义文学•概述
- 浪漫主义文学- 维基百科,自由的百科全书
- 谈英国浪漫主义文学
- 英國浪漫主義時期文學想像力的真諦
特約編輯 | Nicky 提供
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